How to Become a Neonatal Nurse: A Comprehensive Guide
If you have a passion for caring for newborns and infants, neonatal nursing may be the perfect career for you.
Neonatal nursing is a specialized field of nursing that focuses on providing care to newborns, premature babies, and infants who are critically ill or who were born with medical conditions.
Typically, neonatal nurses work with infants through the first few days or weeks after birth. However, depending on the severity of their patients’ conditions, some neonatal nurses may work with children up to age two or beyond, according to the National Association of Neonatal Nurses.
Neonatal nurses work in public and private hospitals, clinics, and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to provide specialized care to some of the most vulnerable patients.
A typical day in the life of a neonatal nurse can include administering medications, monitoring vital signs, providing nutrition through feeding tubes, monitoring IV fluids, and educating parents and family members about their baby’s condition and treatment plans.
This article will guide you through the educational requirements, certifications, and responsibilities associated with this role to help you determine if it’s right for you.
What are the steps to becoming a neonatal nurse?
If you’re looking to pursue a career in the rewarding field of neonatal nursing, you’ll need the right combination of education, experience, licensure, and passion. Here's a general overview of the steps to specializing in neonatal nursing:
Earn a relevant degree, such as a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): You’ll need proper education to build your foundation in nursing and begin gaining real-world experience.
Pass the NCLEX-RN exam: This exam is to be taken following your graduation and is a component of licensure.
Build your clinical experience: You may begin clinical work during your education, but further experience will help you hone your neonatal nursing skills.
Obtain relevant certification: Develop specialized skills and knowledge with certifications such as the Neonatal Resuscitation Program Certification and the Certification for Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing.
What qualities are most important for a neonatal nurse to have?
Supporting infants and families during early-life challenges and giving babies a chance at survival requires the utmost care and compassion. Here are some of the skills and qualities needed to be a successful neonatal nurse:
Attention to detail
Critical thinking
Empathy
Communication skills
Patience
Ability to work under pressure
Adaptability
Working to build these soft skills can help ensure you provide the best care possible for your patients while approaching sensitive situations with tact and empathy.
What are the educational requirements to become a neonatal nurse?
The degree you need depends on where you are in your nursing career — whether you’re just beginning your journey or looking to advance into higher roles — as well as your level of education.
For example, if you are at the very start of your career or you want to pivot from your current career into nursing, you should pursue an associate-level nursing degree or a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). These degrees are designed to prepare you to become a registered nurse (RN). Once you obtain your degree, then you can focus on gaining clinical experience in pediatric and neonatal settings.
It’s important to note employers’ preference for a BSN over an associate-level degree. A 2020 AACN survey found that that 82.4% of employers strongly prefer nurses with a BSN, and 41% of hospitals and healthcare facilities now require a BSN from job candidates.1
A BSN program takes approximately five years to complete and requires around 129 credit hours to graduate.
In a typical undergraduate nursing program, students can expect to take courses in anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and patient care. They will also likely gain hands-on experience through clinical rotations in various healthcare settings.
If you are already an RN and are looking to pursue leadership positions or expand your practice, you may consider pursuing a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (BSN-DNP). These degrees often give you a chance to specialize in one or more areas, including pediatrics or psychiatric mental health.
If you already hold an MSN or DNP but want to build on your skill set, continue learning, or add a new specialization, you can pursue a Post-Master’s Nurse Practitioner Certificate.
These certificates comprise graduate-level education like an MSN or DNP, but they offer a quicker and more streamlined experience, since you can skip the core nursing coursework and only focus on the specialization.
What licenses and certifications do you need to become a neonatal nurse?
After completing your nursing degree, you must obtain licensure by passing the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN). This standardized exam tests your knowledge and skills in nursing practice and is required to obtain a nursing license in the United States.
Once you have your nursing license, you can start gaining experience in neonatal nursing and obtaining additional certifications. Popular certifications include:
Neonatal Resuscitation Program Certification
Certification for Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing
Advanced Cardiac Life Support Certification
Additionally, many hospitals offer training programs for new nurses, which can help them gain the skills and knowledge needed to work in neonatal nursing.
How do you gain relevant experience and specialize in neonatal nursing?
A large part of becoming a neonatal nurse involves gaining relevant experience in the field.
Neonatal nurses can get experience through simulation training and supervised patient care while earning their degree – however, the balance between classroom learning and practical experience in nursing education varies between programs.
Typically, nursing students undergo a mix of classroom instruction, laboratory simulations and clinical rotations to gain a comprehensive understanding of nursing principles.
These different settings enable students to learn foundational knowledge, theory, and essential nursing skills in areas such as anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and patient care.
In simulation labs, students have the opportunity to practice and develop their clinical skills and confidence before they engage with actual patients.
Through residencies and internships, they can then gain invaluable hands-on experience in clinical settings.
Under the guidance of experienced nurses and healthcare professionals, students apply theoretical knowledge to real-world patient care scenarios. Students refine their clinical judgment and nursing skills through rotations in various healthcare settings like hospitals, clinics and community health centers.
Following graduation and licensure, nurses pursuing neonatal nursing specialization, particularly in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), typically undergo additional training and orientation. This process familiarizes them with NICU protocols, equipment and procedures, ensuring they attain clinical competency to provide safe and effective care to neonatal patients.
Mentorship and preceptorship programs further support newly hired NICU nurses in honing their skills and expertise under the guidance of experienced practitioners.
How can you advance as a neonatal nurse?
Typically, career progression involves furthering your formal nursing education through degrees like a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP).
You may also pursue specialization either as part of your graduate degree program or in addition to it.
Common specializations include areas like Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) or Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), but some degree programs may offer more specific specialization or post-master's credentials like Neonatal Nurse Practitioner (NNP).
Here's the typical path to becoming an NNP:
Gain relevant clinical experience in a neonatal setting
Earn an MSN or DNP
Obtain NNP Certification
Pursue state-specific licensing
Maintain certifications and licensure
What’s the job and salary outlook for neonatal nurses?
Neonatal nurses are in high demand, as analysts predict the job market for NICU RNs will grow 6% between now and 2028, which is double the national average of 3% for all career sectors.2
A career as a neonatal nurse also offers a competitive salary and benefits package.
The median salary for neonatal nurses was $127,391 as of January 2024.3 However, salaries can vary depending on factors such as location, experience, and education level.
H2: Start your journey to becoming a neonatal nurse
Becoming a neonatal nurse requires dedication, hard work, and a passion for caring for newborns and infants. Following the steps outlined in this guide, you can start your journey toward this fulfilling career.
If you are interested in pursuing a degree to become a neonatal nurse, you can learn more about the educational and admission requirements by speaking with an admissions advisor.